Cats peeing outside the litter box can be a frustrating and perplexing issue for cat owners. There are several potential reasons for this behavior, and it's essential to identify the underlying cause to address it effectively.

Causes of the Problem：

• Medical Issues:

Cats often urinate outside the box due to medical problems such as urinary tract infections ,  bladder stones, or kidney disease. When cats experience discomfort while using the litter box, they may associate it with pain and avoid it.

• Litter Box Problems:

Cats are particular about their litter boxes. They may dislike the type of litter, the box's cleanliness, or the location. If the box is not kept clean or is placed in a noisy or high-traffic area, cats may choose alternative spots.

• Stress or Anxiety:

Cats are sensitive to changes in their environment or routines. Stressors like a new pet, moving to a new home, or changes in the household can lead to anxiety, causing cats to urinate outside the box as a response.

• Territorial Marking:

Unneutered or unspayed cats may mark their territory by urinating outside the box. This behavior can also occur if a cat feels threatened by another animal, even if it's an outdoor cat seen through a window.

• Litter Box Size:

Some cats prefer larger litter boxes. If the box is too small for your cat to comfortably turn around and dig, they may avoid using it.

• Litter Box Cleanliness:

Cats are meticulous creatures, and a dirty litter box can deter them from using it. Ensure you scoop waste daily and change the litter regularly.

• Inappropriate Substrate:

Cats may be drawn to certain textures or surfaces for urination. For instance, if a cat has urinated on a carpet or a specific type of flooring before, they might return to that spot.

• Behavioral Issues:

In some cases, urinating outside the box can be a behavioral problem. This may be more common in multi-cat households, where one cat may be bullying another.

• Aging and Mobility:

Older cats or cats with mobility issues may find it challenging to access a high-sided litter box or climb into a covered one.

How to Address the Issue:

1. Consult a Veterinarian: If your cat starts urinating outside the box, consult a veterinarian first to rule out any underlying medical issues.

2. Maintain Cleanliness: Keep the litter box clean by scooping waste daily and changing the litter regularly.

3. Litter Box Placement: Ensure the litter box is in a quiet, low-traffic area where your cat can use it without feeling stressed.

4. Multiple Boxes: If you have multiple cats, provide multiple litter boxes to prevent territorial issues